Remaining Time:

04 minutes, 44 seconds.

Question 1

Which of these is true of brain development?

		Dendrite branching accelerates during infancy
		Myelination takes place during infancy
		There is an increase in synaptic connections during childhood
		All of the above are true

2 points

Question 2

A(n) _____ is any agent that causes a birth defect.

		androgen
		teratogen
		proestrogen
		estrogen

2 points

Question 3

According to Piaget, assimilation occurs when individuals _____.

		adjust their schemas to new information
		incorporate new information into existing schemas
		are deprived of parental warmth and sensitivity
		are insecurely attached to their caregivers

2 points

Question 4

Which of the following is the correct sequence of the stages of prenatal development?

		Conception, zygote, embryonic period, fetal period
		Conception, embryonic period, zygote, fetal period
		Conception, fetal period, embryonic period, zygote
		Conception, fetal period, zygote, embryonic period

2 points

Question 5

Which theory of aging has focused on the role of chronic stress in reducing immune system functioning?

		Erikson's theory of socioemotional development
		Free-radical theory
		Cellular-clock theory
		Hormonal stress theory

2 points

Question 6

Which researcher tracked individuals who had experienced bereavement, and looked at their patterns of grief?

		George Bonanno
		James Marcia
		Ernest Becker
		Elizabeth Kubler-Ross

2 points

Question 7

Four-month-old baby Oscar is a participant in a preferential looking experiment. Researchers show Oscar two photos, one of which is of his mother's face, and the other which is of a female stranger's face. The photos are presented repeatedly in differing locations, and the amount of time Oscar spends looking at the photos is recorded. What will researchers conclude if Oscar shows a reliable preference for his mother's face over the stranger's face?

		Oscar can discriminate his mother's face from a stranger's face.
		Oscar is afraid of strangers.
		Oscar likes strangers as much as his mothers.
		Oscar can't see very well.

2 points

Question 8

Which of the following refers to a period of rapid skeletal and sexual maturation that occurs mainly in early adolescence?

		Sensorimotor stage
		Preoperational stage
		Puberty
		Menopause

2 points

Question 9

Which of the following represents the correct chronological sequence of Piaget's stages of cognitive development?

		Sensorimotor, preoperations, concrete operations, formal operations
		Sensorimotor, concrete operations, preoperations, formal operations
		Preoperations, concrete operations, formal operations, sensorimotor
		Concrete operations, formal operations, sensorimotor, preoperations

2 points

Question 10

Which of the following is true about the concrete operational stage of reasoning?

		Adolescents can conceive of hypothetical possibilities in this stage.
		This stage denotes ability of an adolescent to systematically deduce, or come to a conclusion about, the best path for solving the problem.
		A kind of abstract, logical reasoning occurs in this cognitive stage.
		One important skill at this stage of reasoning is the ability to classify or divide things into different sets or subsets and to consider their interrelations.

2 points

Question 11

Benjamin loves putting together puzzles. He has recently mastered putting together a 10-piece Sesame Street puzzle. His mother claps at his accomplishment but wants to continue challenging Benjamin just beyond his current abilities. The next time they play, she gives Benjamin a 15-piece puzzle and offers some guidance on how to sort the pieces out. According to Vygotsky, Benjamin's mother provides _____ that allows Benjamin's cognitive abilities to be built higher and higher.

		accommodating
		assimilation
		scaffolding
		conservation

2 points

Question 12

Juan is a child with low activity level and tends to withdraw from new situations. He is inflexible, and displays low mood intensity. Juan is said to have what type of temperament?

		Easy
		Difficult
		Slow-to-warm-up
		Aversive

2 points

Question 13

Which of these is not an example of an ability that is present at birth?

		Sucking
		Object permanence
		Blinking
		Swallowing

2 points

Question 14

A(n)_____ is a mental framework for understanding what it means to be male or female in one's culture.

		gender schema
		gender diversity
		gender bias
		gender orientation

2 points

Question 15

If children cannot grasp the concept of conservation, they are unable to _____.

		accommodate in later life
		see things from the point of view of another person
		recognize that the quantity of a substance remains the same despite changes in its shape
		retain earlier schemas when confronted with new experiences

2 points

Question 16

Neuroleptic drugs _____.

		are antianxiety drugs
		reduce schizophrenic symptoms
		effectively block serotonin activity in the brain
		cure schizophrenia

2 points

Question 17

A therapist who uses cognitive restructuring believes that _____ are the causes of abnormal behavior.

		parental relationships
		maladaptive beliefs
		chemical imbalances
		childhood experiences

2 points

Question 18

Which therapist is most closely associated with client-centered therapy?

		Heinz Kohut
		Albert Bandura
		Sigmund Freud
		Carl Rogers

2 points

Question 19

_____ treat depression by inhibiting reabsorption of serotonin in the brain.

		Tricylics
		Monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors
		Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)
		Benzodiazepines

2 points

Question 20

The therapeutic alliance is the relationship between the therapist and _____.

		the client
		the American Psychiatric Association
		the local government
		other professional therapists who practice in the same state

2 points

Question 21

John does not have much money, but requires the help of a mental health professional. He might best be served by contacting a _____.

		board-certified psychiatrist
		self-help support group
		humanistic therapist
		counseling psychologist

2 points

Question 22

Validation, reframing, structural change, and detriangulation are techniques commonly used in _____.

		psychoanalysis
		cognitive therapy
		family therapy
		behavioral therapy

2 points

Question 23

Lithium is commonly used to treat _____.

		panic attack disorder
		bipolar disorder
		schizophrenia
		major depression

2 points

Question 24

Tranquilizers are _____ drugs.

		antianxiety
		antidepressant
		antipsychotic
		MAO inhibitor

2 points

Question 25

According to the psychoanalytic approach to psychotherapy, which of the following is an essential part of the job of a psychotherapist?

		Point out inconsistencies in the patient's thoughts and behaviors
		Encourage the patient to explore his or her potential for growth
		Encourage the client to assess his or her own problems through client-centered therapy
		Interpret the disguised revelations of the unconscious mind to the patient

2 points

Question 26

One potential side effect of neuroleptic drugs is _____, a neurological disorder characterized by involuntary random movements of the facial muscles, tongue, and mouth, as well as extensive twitching of the neck, arms, and legs.

		insomnia
		schizophrenia
		tardive dyskinesia
		transference

2 points

Question 27

_____ is very directive, persuasive, and confrontational. In contrast, _____ involves more of an open-ended dialogue between the therapist and the individual.

		Beck's cognitive therapy / rational-emotive behavior therapy
		Rational-emotive behavior therapy / Beck's cognitive therapy
		Client-centered therapy / behavior therapy
		Integrative therapy / psychodynamic therapy

2 points

Question 28

Which form of treatment, developed by Moniz and used widely by Freeman, involves severing neural fibers connecting parts of the brain?

		Prefrontal lobotomy
		Electroconvulsive therapy
		Antipsychotic disengagement
		Thalamectomy

2 points

Question 29

A test taker of the _____ is asked to tell a story about each of the pictures, including events leading up to the situation described, the characters' thoughts and feelings, and the way the situation turns out.

		Rorschach test
		Thematic Apperception Test
		empirically keyed test
		Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory

2 points

Question 30

Gladys is a therapist who is constantly reminding her clients that people have a natural capacity for personal growth and positive qualities. Gladys likely endorses the _____ of personality.

		psychodynamic perspective
		humanistic perspective
		learning perspective
		trait perspective

2 points

Question 31

Trait theories of personality _____.

		state that situational factors override personal characteristics
		focus on the role of the unconscious
		take a more optimistic view of human nature than humanistic psychologists do
		examine personal characteristics that are stable across situations

2 points

Question 32

Which of the following neurotransmitters is associated with extraversion?

		Dopamine
		Serotonin
		Acetylcholine
		GABA

2 points

Question 33

The Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) was created by _____.

		Sigmund Freud
		Karen Horney
		Alfred Adler
		Henry Murray

2 points

Question 34

Adler's view that people are motivated by purposes and goals and that perfection, not pleasure, is thus the key motivator in human life is known as _____.

		individual psychology
		humanistic theory
		trait theory
		social cognitive theory

2 points

Question 35

A(n) _____ is a type of self-report test that is created by first identifying two groups that are
known to be different.

		thematic apperception test
		empirically keyed test
		Rorschach inkblot test
		personology inventory

2 points

Question 36

"Personology" refers to _____.

		an old, outdated term for personality psychology
		the study of the whole person
		the study of how individuals operate within groups
		the study of healthy, well-adjusted individuals

2 points

Question 37

Which of the following perspectives emphasizes that personality is primarily unconscious?

		Social cognitive perspectives
		Psychodynamic perspectives
		Humanistic perspectives
		Personological and life story perspectives

2 points

Question 38

_____ are enduring characteristics of our personality. _____ are briefer or more temporary experiences.

		States / Traits
		Traits / States
		Conditions of worth / Archetypes
		Archetypes / Conditions of worth

2 points

Question 39

According to Rogers, we are all born with a need for_____, or a need to be liked, loved, and accepted by those around us.

		unconditional positive regard
		conditions of worth
		the collective unconscious
		catharsis

2 points

Question 40

Alex is shy and keeps to himself most of the time. Alex would score low on what trait?

		Openness
		Extraversion
		Agreeableness
		Neuroticism

2 points

Question 41

According to Bandura's concept of _____ determinism, the person, the person's behavior, and the environment all influence one another.

		reciprocal
		causal
		humanistic
		psychodynamic

2 points

Question 42

What happened within the Stanford Prison Study?

		The experiment ran for the full two weeks for which it was scheduled
		The experiment was cut off after 6 days because the prisoners and guards didn't care about their roles
		The experiment was cut off after six days because of concerns for participant safety
		The experiment was cut off after guards administered 450 volt shocks to prisoners

2 points

Question 43

According to attribution theory, attributions vary along which of the following dimensions?

		Internal/external causes
		Known/unknown causes
		Regular/irregular causes
		Consistent/inconsistent causes

2 points

Question 44

When thinking about a situation, the observer is more likely to think about ______ factors, while the actor is more likely to view it in terms of ______ factors.

		Personality / situational
		Situational / personality
		External / situational
		Internal / personality

2 points

Question 45

The _____ is the overestimation of the degree to which everybody else thinks or acts the way we do.

		fundamental attribution error
		self-serving bias
		stereotype threat
		false consensus effect

2 points

Question 46

The effects of others on our behavior can take the form of _____, imitative behavior involving the spread of behavior, emotions, and ideas.

		egoism
		altruism
		social contagion
		social loafing

2 points

Question 47

Robert Rosenthal and Lenore Jacobsen conducted a study in 1968. The researchers told grade-school teachers that five students were likely to be "late bloomers" - that these students had high levels of ability that would likely emerge over time. In reality, the students had been randomly selected by the researchers. Nonetheless, a year later, the researchers found that teachers' expectations for the "late bloomers" were reflected in student performance - the academic performance of the "late bloomers" was beyond that of other students. The results from this study demonstrate which of the following concepts?

		Cognitive dissonance theory
		The butterfly effect
		The self-fulfilling prophecy
		The self-serving bias

20 points

Question 48

You watch as another student stumbles and drops her books in the hall. According to the fundamental attribution error, how would you explain the student's behavior?

		She must have tripped over something.
		She is a clumsy person.
		She couldn't help it; there were too many books to carry.
		She was trying to get out of someone else's way.

2 points

Question 49

When people try to convince Alan to stop smoking, he replies, "It's not dangerous, my Uncle Bob smoked all his life and lived until he was 93." This statement, which is an example of self-justification, illustrates Alan's attempt to reduce _____.

		stereotype threat
		cognitive dissonance
		the self-serving bias
		the fundamental attribution error

2 points

Question 50

Central route persuasion _____.

		involves the use of non-message factors, such as the source's credibility and attractiveness
		involves engaging someone thoughtfully with a sound, logical argument
		involves emotional appeals
		involves altruism

2 points

Question 51

_____ refers to the tendency to take credit for one's own successes and to deny responsibility for one's own failures.

		Positive illusion
		Learned helplessness
		Self-serving bias
		Stereotyping

2 points

Question 52

Social loafing refers to the _____.

		tendency for people to exert less effort when working in groups than when working alone
		tendency for people to exert more effort when working in groups than when working alone
		tendency to spend more time being productive when in the company of one's peers
		social norm that obligates the general public to help those who may not be completely able to help themselves (e.g., children and the elderly)

2 points

Question 53

Which is an example of the peripheral route in persuasion?

		Sharing data on the issue
		Providing facts on the issue
		Appealing to the emotions of the individual
		Using logic and reason

2 points

Question 54

In which type of culture is conformity stronger?

		Individualistic
		Collectivistic
		Capitalistic
		Nativistic

2 points

Question 55

Chad regularly experiences motor tension, hyperactivity, and apprehensive expectations and thoughts. It is likely that Chad suffers from a(n) _____.

		mood disorder
		anxiety disorder
		personality disorder
		dissociative disorder

2 points

Question 56

_____ is a mood disorder that is characterized by extreme mood swings that include one or more episodes of mania, an overexcited, unrealistically optimistic state.

		Major depressive disorder
		Dysthymic disorder
		Bipolar disorder
		Generalized anxiety disorder

2 points

Question 57

Individuals with bulimia nervosa tend to have _____ of perfectionism and _____ of self-efficacy.

		high levels / high levels
		high levels / low levels
		low levels / high levels
		low levels / low levels

2 points

Question 58

In the film A Beautiful Mind, John Nash hears and sees people who are not actually there. These sensations are examples of _____.

		hallucinations
		delusions
		mirages
		catatonia

2 points

Question 59

In 1973 Rosenhan conducted a study in which eight healthy individuals were committed to a psychiatric hospital. What did the results of this study demonstrate?

		College students are very susceptible to mental health issues.
		Doctors are always correct in their diagnosis of Schizophrenia.
		Once a person has been labeled with a psychological disorder, that label affects how others perceive everything else he or she does.
		If you are treated for Schizophrenia at an early age, you are likely to recover fully.

2 points

Question 60

Anne, a mother of two young children, developed amnesia, traveled across the country, and assumed a new identity as an accountant. When her husband and children tracked her down several months later, she had no recollection of her earlier life. Anne would likely be diagnosed with _____.

		borderline personality disorder
		antisocial personality disorder
		multi-personality disorder
		dissociative fugue

2 points

Question 61

Which of these reflects a change included in the newest (fifth) edition of the DSM?

		The addition of Asperger's Syndrome
		The new edition does not allow a diagnosis of major depression for those suffering grief over the death of a loved one
		The addition of Disruptive Mood Regulation Disorder
		Some of the diagnostic criteria for Attention Deficit / Hyperactivity Disorder have been made more strict

2 points

Question 62

Individuals who suffer from anorexia nervosa weigh less than _____ of what is considered normal for age and height and refuse to maintain weight at a healthy level.

		65 percent
		70 percent
		85 percent
		90 percent

2 points

Question 63

Which of the following was formerly called multiple personality disorder?

		Dissociative amnesia
		Dissociative identity disorder
		Dissociative fugue
		Schizophrenia

2 points

Question 64

_____ is characterized by a pervasive pattern of instability in interpersonal relationships, self-image, and emotions, and of marked impulsivity beginning by early adulthood and present in various contexts.

		Schizophrenia
		Dissociative identity disorder
		Antisocial personality disorder
		Borderline personality disorder

2 points

Question 65

Which of these is the primary tool used in the United States for the classification of mental disorders?

		Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
		International Classification of Diseases and Related Problems
		Disorder Selection Manual
		Symptoms and Classification of Disorders (5)

2 points

Question 66

The _____ of Schizophrenia are marked by a distortion or an excess of normal function, whereas _____ reflect social withdrawal, behavioral deficits, and the loss or decrease of normal functions.

		positive symptoms / negative symptoms
		negative symptoms / positive symptoms
		physical symptoms / psychic symptoms
		psychological symptoms / physical symptoms

2 points

Question 67

A fear becomes a phobia when _____.

		a doctor diagnoses it as such
		an individual will go to any length to avoid the object of the fear
		a person can specifically identify what they are afraid of
		a person cannot identify the source of their nervous feelings

2 points

Question 68

According to the Yerkes-Dodson law, performance is best under conditions of _____ arousal.

		no
		low
		moderate
		high

2 points

Question 69

According to self-determination theory, competence motivation involves _____.

		drive-reduction
		self-efficacy and mastery
		environmental stimuli
		maintaining optimal arousal

2 points

Question 70

The _____ of an emotion refers to whether it feels pleasant or unpleasant. The _____ of an emotion is the degree to which the emotion is reflected in an individual's being active, engaged, or excited versus more passive, relatively disengaged, or calm.

		arousal level / valence
		valence / arousal level
		manifestation / valence
		valence / manifestation

2 points

Question 71

Soccer players are expected to congratulate and shake hands with the opposing team, even when their team loses the game. This is an example of _____.

		a display rule
		a set point
		the two-factor theory of emotion
		the Yerkes-Dodson law

2 points

Question 72

Adding external rewards to a situation in which the person is already intrinsically motivated to perform usually results in _____.

		neutral intrinsic motivation
		maximized extrinsic motivation
		reduced intrinsic motivation
		reduced extrinsic motivation

2 points

Question 73

The highest and most elusive of Maslow's needs is _____.

		esteem
		self-actualization
		belongingness
		competence

2 points

Question 74

The _____ calms the body.

		sympathetic nervous system
		non-adrenergic neurons
		parasympathetic nervous system
		non-cholinergic neurons

2 points

Question 75

You just ran a marathon in very hot weather and perspired heavily. According to drive reduction theory, your body will have a(n) _____ for water, which will produce a(n) _____ for water, which will lead to a(n) _____ to get water.